GME Funding: A New Recommendation and Discussion

Today, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) presented a recommendation report on the future of GME funding to meet the health care needs of the population.  

In this report, the IOM experts suggested a 35% drop in the amount of current payments to teaching hospitals for GME.  Among other things, five principles for reform were described: accountability, meeting the needs of the public, innovation, stability in the funding, and aligning education and clinical care.  They also discussed the creation of a GME Policy Council within HHS to help develop a strategic plan for a physician workforce, and phasing out direct and indirect medical education in favor of a global operational fund.

Other constituencies quickly provided comments voicing their concern over the IOM’s specific recommendations.  The AAMC’s comments were titled “IOM’s Vision of GME Will Not Meet Real-World Patient Needs”, and stated: “ …the IOM’s proposal to radically overhaul GME and make major cuts to patient care would threaten the world’s best training programs for health professionals and jeopardize patients, particularly those who are the most medical vulnerable.”  

In addition, the American Hospital Association noted: “Today’s report on GME is the wrong prescription for training tomorrow’s physicians.  We are especially disappointed that the report proposes phasing out the current Medicare GME funding provided to hospitals and offering it to other entities that do not treat Medicare patients.”  

So what do I think?  This is a very complex issue, first of all.  I do believe that GME funding needs to change because, fundamentally, we (the health care system and the training of future physicians within that system) need to meet the future health care needs of the population.  I believe that we do need more physicians, not fewer.  While reform is likely important, it is costly to educate residents.  Just look at colleges, and how much it costs to educate undergraduate students.  The same is true for residents.

So where do we go from here?  I am not sure, but as a residency educator, I hope that today’s recommendations do not jeopardize the fine training program that I have the privilege of overseeing and other outstanding educators across the country also oversee.  I hope that educators who do the day-to-day work to train the physicians of tomorrow are listened to.  I hope that residents who are currently in the training programs can have their voices heard too.  Let’s advocate for GME to continue to train competent residents who will leave and be ready for independent practice, and for funding that can accomplish that.  After all, THAT is why we are here, to provide much needed health care to the patients.  In all of the discussions and counterarguments, that needs to be the essential core.  As Francis Peabody stated in JAMA in 1927: “The secret in caring for the patient is to care for the patient.” 

Burnout and Resiliency in Medicine

I have not blogged in a while; there are many reasons for this, including many things going on in my life as well as with my work as a medical educator and administrator.  The weather here in the Midwest has also been challenging this winter (and another storm headed this way over the next 24 hours) which likely has contributed to my lack of blogging.

Nevertheless, I really enjoy what I do and find meaning in my work.  In fact, a timely discussion with residents during a teaching clinic highlighting this really hit home.  We were talking about burnout and ways to combat it.  The practice of medicine is hard: helping improve the health of our patients is a privilege which brings great responsibility.  This can, however, impact physicians’ own lives in various ways.

Social media itself (in the form of blogging) can be a great tool to ease burnout in medicine.  See this recent blog on this very topic. 

Can burnout be prevented?  What about resiliency in medicine?  Does one's resiliency lessen the potential impact of burnout?  Our institution is proud to host the FIRM (Finding Inspiration and Resilience in Medicine) conference on April 25, 2014.  This conference is being organized by medical students, which really demonstrates how our future generation is paving the way for the necessary changes to the way medicine can and will be practiced.  At that conference, one of our own faculty who wrote a recent post on this topic will be featured. 

So what steps do you take to prevent burnout?  How can you develop the resilience necessary to stay on top of your game and be the best you can be for patients and for yourself/your family?  Some have described interventions during training that impact burnout.  These curricular efforts should be applauded, and are one step towards an improved culture in medicine that helps everyone: patients and health care professionals alike. 

CPR, High Value Care, and MedPeds

What a whirlwind of a day today.  Lots of productive meetings, and some incredible learning along the way.  I have two “A-HA” learning moments from today.

The first was our Pediatrics Grand Rounds at Riley Hospital for Children.  Our PICU physicians set up a truly innovative Grand Rounds to have a discussion about the topic of “Do Everything?” regarding pediatric patients in the ICU.  It was co-hosted by a nurse researcher at our Ethics Center who has studied "Moral Distress", and a PICU nurse who provided an amazing perspective to the discussion.  It featured two role playing scenarios in how health care professionals speak with families of terminally ill children about CPR.  It was a great way to engage the audience to think about how families understand outcomes from CPR.  A critical learning point of this topic, common to many regarding patient-physician communication, is to avoid overly complex medical terminology, or jargon, when speaking with families.  In addition to talking about using language that matters, we discussed this paper from 1996, in which the authors evaluated the rate of successful CPR on television shows and compared it to the actual rate of survival in real patients.

This blog here is a recent update to that piece with a great infographic comparing the rates on specific shows.  The other great part was that this grand rounds was totally packed: not an open seat in the room!  For a CME person like myself, it is nice to see that so many participants were able to benefit from this presentation.  My tweets from today (1/15/14) convey much of the content of this educational session, for those with further interest on this topic.

Secondly, I am proud to announce that we piloted our first “High Value Care” curriculum to our MedPeds residents today.  The ABIM Foundation has been leading the charge on this, with the creation of the Choosing Wisely campaign.  Luckily, we did not have to reinvent the wheel, and were able to utilize this amazing high value care teaching resource from the ACP which was recently rolled out.  The residents were as engaged in this discussion as they have ever been.  I think this phrase captures their sentiments: “We want to be part of the solution to the costs of health care crisis and not just order tests indiscriminately”.  I couldn’t have been more proud!

For those interested in finding and using ready-made resources to teach cost-conscious care to residents or students, I can say that we were able to easily complete one of the five current modules with 8 formal multiple choice questions in less than one hour, with ample opportunity for robust in-depth discussion of some of the points.  We elaborated on clinical decision making in the context of cost conscious care.  Kudos to Dr. Daisy Smith of the ACP for creating these online modules that educators can use “off the shelf” right away in their training programs.  One does not even need to be an ACP member to gain access to these modules!

Looking back on these two topics noted above, I now see that they are a perfect example of the variety of training in MedPeds: both a Pediatric topic and an Internal Medicine topic in the same day!  Hooray for MedPeds!  I only hope that other days can be as “educationally productive and rewarding” as today was for me.

Reflections on #AIMW13 and the APDIM Fall Meeting

I just finished a wonderful two days at the Academic Internal Medicine Week meeting in New Orleans.  This is a meeting bringing together organizations involved in internal medicine education and leadership, including, among others, the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine, and the Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine.  It is this latter group to which I belong, and, as usual, this meeting did not disappoint.  I was not able to attend the entire meeting, but was present for the last two days.  Here are my brief thoughts on this meeting from those sessions I attended.

Direct observation has definitely come front and center as an important component of training.  Not just an an assessment tool OF learning, but rather as assessment FOR learning.  It needs to be the culture that we regularly observe trainees in their direct interaction with patients (akin to playing the piano: my teacher was there right next to me the entire time, giving constant feedback when I was doing something wrong or had held my fingers in the incorrect position!).

I attended a session on a writer’s club to improve scholarly output.  This session really was riveting for those who attended.  Probably the best discussion was on the fact that scholarly output does NOT have to be ONLY the peer-reviewed publication (although that certainly is excellent!).  Rather, we should consider other products which still demonstrate a scholarly approach.  Those products might include writing a policy, disseminating a curriculum, or creating a tool that others can use for evaluation purposes.  A phenomenal example of how to consider this (focusing on the scholarship of education) is this toolbox from the AAMC MedEdPortal on evaluating educators.

I also attended a great session by colleagues from the U of Cincinnati and Nebraska on considering tools that we ALREADY use to report the Next Accreditation System Milestones.  This session created my “A-HA” moment for how educators might look at Milestones and Entrustable Professional Activities.

The next day, I was on the docket with others focusing on innovation in resident ambulatory experiences.  I had the privilege of discussing our residency experience with teaching quality improvement to trainees.  Other leaders discussed “X+Y scheduling”, to help improve resident interest in doing primary care, ways to teach Evidence-Based Medicine in the ambulatory arena, and experiences in residents having a second continuity clinic with primary care physicians (known in their program as “Second Site”).

In the final plenary, on one of my favorite topics, utilizing emerging technology in medical education, four different programs discussed their experiences with what they were able to accomplish.  One was a current fellow who himself created a smartphone app focusing on evidence-based management of patients admitted/observed for chest pain.  The app link is found here (only available on iOS devices).  Another speaker taught us basics of using Podcasting for medical education, and two others demonstrated the use of iPads in medical education and how others might consider using tablets for that purpose.

For anyone interested, the presentations mentioned above, as well as all of the presentations that were loaded up, can be found here.

All in all, it was a phenomenal conference for me to attend.  Lots of great tweeting was done, as the conference encouraged the Twitter hashtag #AIMW13 for connections via this microblogging social network.  If you are interested, please see my tweets from 10/5/13 and 10/6/13, which were mostly dedicated to the content of this conference.

As a last note, I want to thank the incredibly professional staff of AAIM for hosting a phenomenal meeting, and especially the security staff of the Hilton Riverside in New Orleans Hotel for finding my misplaced keys!